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It is generally thought that, when direct current flows in a stationary wire, no external electric field is produced. However, we show that if the Lorentz contraction of the assemblage of moving electrons is taken into account, special relativity theory predicts a nonzero electric field. Other theory also predicts nonzero electric fields through other mechanisms, and experimental works report confirmation of these mechanisms.

An experiment is described to explore the electronic detection of the longitudinal electrodynamic force -q(v . grad)A. The goal is to find measurable effects predicted by this alternate invariant of the electrodynamic force equation. Comparisons with the Aharonov-Bohm effect viewed as a classical effect show equivalent predictions. The experimental tests of the transit time of an electron beam gave negative results, and the issue is still being investigated.

The induced voltage in a transformer winding can be explained by the change in the magnetic vector potential at the winding. However, for a closed circuit, the contour integral of this potential is still the negative change of flux linked, as stated by Faraday's law.

Several tests are presented for evaluating the effects of flux leakage in the Marinov Motor. The conclusion is that the leakage may play a significant part, but does not explain the entire operation. A second section explores briefly the electromotive aspects of the motor.