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We review our model of a proton that obeys the Schwarzschild condition. We find that only a very small percentage (~10^-39%) of the vacuum fluctuations available within a proton volume need be cohered and converted to mass-energy in order for the proton to meet the Schwarzschild condition. This proportion is similar to that between gravitation and the strong force where gravitation is thought to be ~10^-40 weaker than the strong force. Gravitational attraction between two contiguous Schwarzschild protons can easily accommodate both nucleon and quark confinement. In this picture, we can treat ?strong? gravity as the strong force. We calculate that two contiguous Schwarzschild protons would rotate at c and have a period of 10^-23s and a frequency of 10²² Hz which is characteristic of the strong force interaction time and a close approximation of the gamma emission typically associated with nuclear decay. We include a scaling law and find that the Schwarzschild proton falls near the least squares trend line for organized matter. Using a semi-classical model, we find that a proton charge orbiting at a proton radius at c generates a good approximation to the measured anomalous magnetic moment.

We present a first order approximation scaling law for all organized matter in which spacetime torque is computed and plotted against the radius of the system utilizing the Haramein-Rauscher metric approach.  The scaling law approximates the torque necessary to produce the angular momentum of a system from atomic structure to astrophysical objects such as stars, galaxies and the universe.  Further we demonstrate that the 1.3 Fermi proton data point can be treated as the horizon of a mini black hole giving a semi-classical solution correctly predicting the measured value of the nucleonic emission.  Dark matter and dark energy are discussed in the context of these findings as well as the source of the anomalous magnetic and angular moment.

Proceedings of The Unified Theories Conference (2008). From observational data and our theoretical analysis, we demonstrate that a scaling law can be written for all organized matter utilizing the Schwarzschild condition, describing cosmological to sub-atomic structures. Of interest are solutions involving torque and Coriolis effects in the field equations. Significant observations have led to theoretical and experimental advancement describing systems undergoing gravitational collapse, including vacuum interactions. The universality of this scaling law suggests an underlying polarizable structured vacuum of mini white holes/black holes. We briefly discuss the manner in which this structured vacuum can be described in terms of resolution of scale analogous to a fractal-like scaling as a means of renormalization at the Planck distance. Finally, we describe a new horizon we term the ?spin horizon? which is defined as a result of a spacetime torque producing boundary conditions in a magnetohydrodynamic structure.

From observational data and our theoretical analysis, we demonstrate that a scaling law can be written for all organized matter utilizing the Schwarzschild condition, describing cosmological to sub-atomic structures. Of interest are solutions involving torque and Coriolis effects in the field equations. Significant observations have led to theoretical and experimental advancement describing systems undergoing gravitational collapse, including vacuum interactions. The universality of this scaling law suggests an underlying polarizable structured vacuum of mini white holes/black holes. We briefly discuss the manner in which this structured vacuum can be described in terms of resolution of scale analogous to a fractal-like scaling as a means of renormalization at the Planck distance. Finally, we describe a new horizon we term the ?spin horizon? which is defined as a result of a spacetime torque producing boundary conditions in a magnetohydrodynamic structure.

International Journal of Computing Anticipatory Systems, D. Dubois (ed.), Institute of Mathematics, Liege University, Belgium, ISSN 1373-5411, 2007. The dual torus topology occupies a central role in the spinor, twistor and quaternionic formulation. This topology appears to be ubiquitous in astrophysical and cosmological phenomena and is predicted by the 4 U bubble of the affine connection in the Haramein-Rauscher solution to Einstein's field equations. The geometric structure of the complexified Minkowski space is associated with the twistor algebra, spinor calculus, and the n SU groups of the quaternionic formalism. Hence quantum theory and relativity are related mathematically through the dual torus topology. Utilizing the spinor approach, electromagnetic and gravitational metrics are mappable to the twistor algebra, which corresponds to the complexified Minkowski space. Quaternion transformations relate to spin and rotation corresponding to the twistor analysis.

We address the nature of torque and the Coriolis forces as dynamic properties of the spacetime metric and the stress-energy tensor. The inclusion of torque and Coriolis effects in Einstein's field equations may lead to significant advancements in describing novae and supernovae structures, galactic formations, their center supermassive black holes, polar jets, accretion disks, spiral arms, galactic halo formations and advancements in unification theory as demonstrated in section five. We formulate these additional torque and Coriolis forces terms to amend Einstein's field equations and solve for a modified Kerr-Newman metric. Lorentz invariance conditions are reconciled by utilizing a modified metrical space, which is not the usual Minkowski space, but the U₄ space. This space is a consequence of the Coriolis force acting as a secondary effect generated from the torque terms. The equivalence principle is preserved using an unsymmetric affine connection. Further, the U₁ Weyl gauge is associated with the electromagnetic field, where the U₄ space is four copies of U₁. Thus, the form of metric generates the dual torus as two copies of U₁ x U₁, which we demonstrate through the S³ spherical space, is related to the SU₂ group and other Lie groups. Hence, the S⁴ octahedral group and the cuboctahedron group of the GUT (Grand Unification Theory) may be related to our U₄ space in which we formulate solutions to Einstein's field equations with the inclusion of torque and Coriolis forces.

The main forces driving black holes, neutron stars, pulsars, quasars, and supernovae dynamics have certain commonality to the mechanisms of less tumultuous systems such as galaxies, stellar and planetary dynamics. They involve gravity, electromagnetic, and single and collective particle processes. We examine the collective coherent structures of plasma and their interactions with the vacuum. In this paper we present a balance equation and, in particular, the balance between extremely collapsing gravitational systems and their surrounding energetic plasma media. Of particular interest is the dynamics of the plasma media, the structure of the vacuum, and the coupling of electromagnetic and gravitational forces with the inclusion of torque and Coriolis phenomena as described by the Haramein-Rauscher solution to Einstein's field equations. The exotic nature of complex black holes involves not only the black hole itself but the surrounding plasma media. The main forces involved are intense gravitational collapsing forces, powerful electromagnetic fields, charge, and spin angular momentum. We find soliton or magneto-acoustic plasma solutions to the relativistic Vlasov equations solved in the vicinity of black hole ergospheres. Collective phonon or plasmon states of plasma fields are given. We utilize the Hamiltonian formalism to describe the collective states of matter and the dynamic processes within plasma allowing us to deduce a possible polarized vacuum structure and a unified physics.

American Physical Society Conference?, Session S10 - Poster Session, October 24, 2003 Cochise, Memorial Union, Arizona State University. Recent observation of distant acceleration of observed supernovae and other cosmological objects lead to deviation from the usual Hubble's constant, and resulted in the reintroduction of a nonzero cosmological constant in order to not only explain cosmological acceleration but also to formulate a model of galactic, stellar and other cosmological rotational structures. We introduce a variable form of Lambda (M_4) where M_4 is the four dimensional Minkowski space. We also introduce additional terms in the stress energy tensor which accommodates torsion and the coriolis forces reconciling the new terms with the properties of the inhomogeneous Lorentz transformations which are made so as to preserve the affine connections. Discussions are made about the implications of galactic, supernovae, etc. structures; also proper frame of reference is considered in detail.

American Physical Society Conference?, Session S7 - FOCUS Session, October 25, 2003 LaPaz, Memorial Union, Arizona State University. When the CERN 7 TeV Large Hadron Collider (LHC) comes on line in the next few years, hypothesis is that significant experimental discoveries may verify the Higgs boson and the production of short lived Planck size mini Schwarzchild black holes, both of which are fundamental to a unified particle and cosmological standard and supersymmetry model. The Higgs mechanism relates to particle mass in the standard model and the mini black holes may relate to the cosmological mini mass problem as well as yield clues as to the structure of the vacuum. These points are of particular interest to our research, and the discovery and identification of mini black holes (mbh) is basic to our scaling law model. Hawking radiation from the production of mini black holes from accelerated Hadrons are expected to be observed from x ? and gamma ? ray lepton production from subcomponents of quarks or partons. Our model and Hawking's picture may demonstrate that mbh hold basic clues about the very nature of the fabric of spacetime itself. We examine the Kerr-Newman black hole production cross section in detail at the energies of the LHC.