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I propose that a huge meteorite impact in central Australia 545 million years ago initiated the Cambrian explosion of life by a layer of dust on snow ball Earth.

It is proposed here that when seismic waves radiate out from large meteorite impacts on a planet they converge at the antipode and disrupt the crust so severely that large lava fields are created. Some examples are given for Earth.

We propose that the large lava flows on the Earth and Mars result from disruption of the crust by convergence of shock waves from a huge meteorite impact on the opposite side of the planet (the antipode). The presence of so many lava flows opposite meteorite impact craters on both planets is impossible to explain by coincidence. You may see it discussed in detail in http://charles_w.tripod.com/antipode.html and http://charles_w.tripod.com/dweber/mars_volcanos/mars_volcanos2.html.

It is proposed that the ocean trenches were formed by thermal shock upon previously warm ocean floor by cold water from polar regions moving down over the Pacific Ocean floor probably during the Cretaceous. Cold water descending into a wide crack further extended the crack to great depth. This huge amount of water in the crust makes the crust much lighter, so that hot plastic rocks from the mantle tend to move up toward this lighter zone and thus account for the volcanism that appears on the landward side of many trenches. This motion is currently ascribed to subduction, but if the explanation of mine is correct, it is not subduction, but a rise of plastic rock. This would also account for the bathaliths that appear there as well, almost impossible to explain given a diving, cold plate. The absents of a trench off of North America as well as opposite most of the other ridges other than the western side of the Atlantic Ridge are also impossible to explain from a diving plate. You may see this concept developed in detail in http://charles_w.tripod.com/trenches.html.

This is a hypothesis which attempts to explain the characteristics of QSO's (quasi stellar objects) as an optical illusion created by gravitational lensing of the photons from the opposite jet emanating from a huge [1] mass at the center of an active galaxy the axis of which is oriented toward Earth [2], by the magnified reflection of ultraviolet and X-rays from a dense plate of ions on the surface of an accretion disk, and by infrared rays emitted from dust and gas further out, the last not magnified as greatly. BL Lac objects are perceived as QSO's from which primarily rays emitted by atoms or reflected by the ions on the accretion disk are seen. BAL QSO's and infrared QSO's are perceived as active galaxies viewed from 90 degrees to the side of the axis.

I will attempt to explain the characteristics of quasi stellar objects as an optical illusion created by gravitational lensing of the photons from the opposite jet emanating from a large mass at the center of an active galaxy the axis of which is oriented toward the earth, by the reflection of ultraviolet and X-rays from a dense plate of ions on the surface of an accretion disk, and by infrared rays emitted from dust and gas further out, the last not magnified as greatly but coming from a vast area.

The dependence of the frequency shift of photons on the cosine of the angle made with a gravitational field is an approximation because of the fact that the photon's trajectory changes such as to bring the photon closer to the mass as it passes. Therefore it dives up out of a slightly deeper well than it dived down into upon passing a mass. Therefore the red shift leaving will be slightly greater than the blue shift approaching. It follows that photons should have a slight residual red shift upon passing those masses in space that are either stationary, moving parallel to, or moving toward the trajectory. This shift is proposed as the main cause of the cosmological red shift since masses moving away from the trajectory should be a minority.

This is a hypothesis which attempts to explain the characteristics of QSOs (quasi stellar objects) as an optical illusion created by gravitational lensing of the photons from the opposite jet emanating from a huge [Gaskill] mass at the center of an active galaxy the axis of which is oriented toward [Berthel] the earth, by the magnified emission of atoms and reflection of ultraviolet and X-rays from a dense plate of ions on the surface of an accretion disk, and by infrared rays emitted from dust and gas further out, the last not magnified as greatly. BL Lac objects (BL Lac objects are extragalactic, highly variable, polarized sources with significant emission from radio to X-ray wavelengths) are perceived as QSOs from which primarily rays emitted or reflected by the ions on the accretion disk are seen. BAL QSOs and infrared QSOs are perceived as active galaxies viewed from 90 degrees to the side of the axis.