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There are quite a lot of works dedicated to revelation of the physical essence of the body inertia [1-4]. They present the historical development of the concept of ?inertia?, various kinds of the body inertia manifestation and practical use of inertia in operating mechanisms. The notions of inertia and inertness are introduced. Some authors use the inertia and inertness notions designating one and the same body property by them. By inertia is most often meant the attempt of the body to preserve its state invariable in relation to the inertial (motionless) reference system. The most advanced formulation of the inertia properties is given in [5]: ?Every body offers resistance in attempting to put it in motion or to change the modulus or direction of its movement?. Otherwise, if no external forces act on a body from other bodies or the environment, or these forces balance each other, the body preserves the state of rest or steady rectilinear motion. This expression is, in essence, Newton's first law...

An action of a gradient medium on the body immersed into it is considered. Bodies of different size that are in a gradient medium are demonstrated to acquire the same acceleration. On the basis of the concept of the ether medium representing a regular spatial lattice consisting of particles equal in size but opposite in sign, the mechanism of gravitational attraction of physical bodies is considered. It is shown that the gradient of the gravitational field established by a physical body in the ether medium is similar to the action of the gradient medium on the immersed body. Creating the gradient of the ether elastic pressure by a physical body in the vicinity of another physical body that also creates the gradient of the ether elastic pressure in the vicinity of the first body results in a rise of an attractive force called gravitation. The closeness of the experimental gravitational constant and the value obtained from the theoretical analysis indicates that the approach we have developed is fruitful and adequate.

Scientific notions of the cosmos have their origins in the concepts of space, time and matter. Assumption of the postulates of both special theory of relativity and general theory of relativity has not allowed getting a non-contradictory physical model of the universe. We propose the following idea of the universe. Space embraces everything. It is non-deformable, three-dimensional, Euclidean. The visible space is filled by with ethereal medium. The physical model of the ethereal medium consists of two equal, but opposite in sign, types of particles. The particles are strongly attracted together forming a homogeneous space. Opposite in sign its particles move relative to each other frictionless. In the ethereal medium linear, circular and other movements of physical bodies as well as shear deformations may exist infinitely long. A magnetic field is the consequence of torsion, shear deformations of the ethereal medium. The ethereal medium has a certain electromagnetic density and elasticity. Physical bodies (elementary particles, gases, liquids, solid bodies, plasma et al.) take place in the space and ethereal medium. Gravitational influence of one physical body on the other is realized by means of the ethereal medium. Dynamical processes in the ethereal medium and movements of physical bodies may be fixed in time. Time is local, irreversible, one-dimensional, unilateral, ? from the past to the future.