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The stages in the transformation of ether to matter to ether are as follows. Matter can collapse from visible mass back into the etheric sea at faster than light speed FTL, 3.481819 * 10^(12) m/s as "involution". In contrast, by "evolution", the etheric fabric changes into visible matter, as an act of creation at slowed speed VK,25812.8076 m/s. The creation of matter is thus understood in terms of a living changing texture with changing velocities. And, instead of change in time, we must talk in terms of time-period … of pulsating gravitons and aitherons and protons. Thus, ether-to-matter, matter-to-ether is, on an etheric scale, a reversible process. Inverse of time period is frequency. The material fabric of space is ether. The field is ether and is expressed mathematically as M⁄R=1.34 * 10^(27) kg/radial meter. The field is comprised of myriads of 186-ether tori each of mass 1.859222909*10^(-9) kg. At the heart of the Universe twin mass gravitons exist where one acts as a seed for proton formation and thus a proton particle is born. The other graviton becomes the ether toroid comprised of 186-ether tori. The diagram of a twin mass of two gravitons depicts one graviton emerging as 186-etheric mass which is measured as intrinsic elementary charge the source of electricity. The second graviton spins a fiber to form a toroid which is comprised of 186-etheric tori the source and measure of wavelength of light. A quantum of such ether torii now clustered together form what is known to science as tangible matter. Ether mass of the infinitesimal magnitude of 10^(-51) kg is herein called an aitheron from the Greek, $\alpha\iota\theta\eta\rho$, for ether, in order to distinguish it from other ether particles. A frequency of an aitheron of mass 7.3724936*10^(-51) kg is a fundamental building block of protons. The energy of this mass is equal in magnitude to Planck's constant under the condition of one second. This is the point mass of the material Universe. The aitheron material is created from 10^7 gravitons each of mass 7.3724936*10^(-58) kg.

An electron of mass m and charge –e moving with velocity v at angle theta to the accelerating force, due to an electric field of intensity E, is subject to aberration of electric field. Aberration is due to relativity of velocity (c - v) between the electrical force, transmitted with velocity of light c and the electron moving with velocity v at time t. The accelerating force m(dv/dt) is less than the electrostatic force –eE, the difference being radiation reaction force. Energy radiated is the difference between change in potential energy and change in kinetic energy. Motion of the electron with constant mass and its radiation power are treated under acceleration with theta = 0 or deceleration with theta = pi radians or at constant speed v, in a circle of radius r, with theta =pi/2 radians. It is shown that circular revolution of an electron round a central force of attraction, as in the Rutherford's nuclear model of the hydrogen atom, is without radiation and stable outside quantum mechanics, contrary to classical and relativistic electrodynamics.

The law enunciated by Frenchman, Charles Coulomb, in 1784, giving the force of attraction or repulsion between point charges, in space, is the most important principle in physics. However, this law is not complete as it does not express radiation from accelerated charged particles and does not account for the force of gravity between charged particles. This paper extends Coulomb's law by invoking aberration of electric field to incorporate a factor for radiation and by adding a term for gravitation, leading to a law applicable up to the speed of light, with emission of radiation and mass of a moving particle remaining constant, contrary to the theory of special relativity.

According to classical and relativistic electrodynamics, a charged particle moving with velocity v should go straight through a crossed electric field of intensity E and a magnetic flux of intensity B, at right angles, without deflection, if the magnitude E = Bv. For a constant B, the relationship between E and v is linear, with Bc as the maximum value of E required for the particle to pass right through the crossed fields at the speed of light c. This paper shows that the relationship being E and v is not linear. Due to aberration of electric field, it is the electric field experienced by a moving charged particle, not the mass, which depends on velocity. For a particle to pass through the crossed fields without deflection, E should increase to an infinitely large value as v approaches the speed of light. An experiment, demonstrating this non-linearity, invalidates special relativity.

Space contains isolated regions of matter or bodies each composed of equal amounts of positive and negative electric charges as sources of electric fields. The fields, from neutral bodies, balance out exactly everywhere and vanish at infinitely long distances from the respective sources. While the strong electrical forces of repulsion and attraction, proportional to the charges, in accordance with Coulomb's law, balance out exactly everywhere in space, the weak gravitational forces of attraction, proportional to the squares of the charges and in accordance with Newton's law, remain and add up. The universal space, crisscrossed by electric fields emanating from charges in bodies, balancing out exactly everywhere and vanishing at infinity, constituting a medium supporting electromagnetic radiation and gravitation, is proposed to be the aether, as conceived by J. C. Maxwell and others.

An electron of mass m and charge -e moving at angle theta to the accelerating force due to an electric field of intensity E, is subject to aberration of electric field as a result of relativity of velocity (c-v) between the electrical force, transmitted with velocity of light c and the electron moving with velocity v at time t. The accelerating force m(dv/dt) is less than the electrostatic force –eE, the difference being the radiation reaction force. Motion of the electron with constant mass and its radiation power are treated under acceleration with theta=0 or deceleration with theta=\pi radians or at constant speed v, in a circle of radius r, with theta=pi/2 radians. It is shown that circular revolution of an electron round a central force of attraction is without radiation and stable, contrary to classical and relativistic electrodynamics.

An electric charge, in the form of a spherical shell with uniform surface charge density, has constant potential and zero electric field inside the shell. The radial field, pulling the surface charge outwards, is balanced by inward surface tension, due to curvature of the shell, to form a stable particle. It is shown that the mass of the particle is proportional to the volume enclosed by the shell. Force of gravity is ascribed to the electric field of one charged particle being deflected by the presence of another charged particle such that force of repulsion is slightly reduced and force of attraction similarly increased. For bodies composed of equal amounts of positive and negative charges, the electrical fields exist in space with the electrical forces of repulsion and attraction, on a body, everywhere balancing out while gravitational forces of attraction add up. A Body moving under gravity, without any electrical force, should not emit any radiation.

For an electron of mass m and charge ?e moving at time t with velocity v and acceleration dv/dt in an electric field of magnitude E, the accelerating force is proposed, in accordance with Newton's second law of motion, as F = eE(c ? v)/c = m(dv/dt). The vector c is the velocity of light and (c ? v) is the relative velocity of the electrostatic force with respect to the moving electron. The electron may move in a straight line to reach the limiting speed c with F reducing to 0, or it can revolve in a circle at constant speed. The relativistic mass-velocity formula is shown to be correct for circular revolution only and that the ?mass? in that formula is not a physical quantity but the ratio of electrostatic force (?eE) to centripetal acceleration (?v²/r) in a circle of radius r. This ratio can become infinitely large for motion in a circle of infinite radius, which is a straight line. An alternative electrodynamics is developed for an electron accelerated to the speed of light at constant mass and with emission of radiation. Radiation occurs if there is a change in the energy of an electron and, as such, circular revolution of an electron, round a central force of attraction, is made stable without recourse to quantum mechanics.

An electron of mass m and charge –e moving at time t with speed v and acceleration dv/dt in a straight line, in an electric field E, comes under  acceleration by an impressed force –eE. It is proposed that the electron also encounters a radiation reaction force, a kind of frictional force –eEv/c, so that the accelerating force, depending on speed, becomes –eE(1 – v/c) = –m(dv/dt), in accordance with Newton's second law of motion, where c is the speed of light in a vacuum. The electron emits radiation at power eEv2/c, in rectilinear motion, as it reaches a terminal speed equal to that of light c, whereby the impressed force becomes equal and opposite to the radiation reaction force and the acceleration becomes zero. The paper gives an alternative electrodynamics in contrast to classical and relativistic electrodynamics.

An electric charge of magnitude Q and mass m, in the form of a spherical shell of radius a, moving at time t with velocity v and acceleration dv/dt, generates a magnetic field round it and an electric field X proportional to and in the opposite direction of the acceleration. The field X acts on the self-same charge Q to produce a reactive or inertial force QX = -m(dv/dt), in accordance with Newton’s second and third laws of motion, where m is a constant. This explains the origin of inertia as electrical in nature and internal to a body, contrary to general relativity. An expression deduced for the mass m, in terms of square of Q and radius a, is compared with the electrostatic energy En of the charge to obtain En = ½ mc^2, in contrast to the mass-energy formula of special relativity, En = mc^2, where c the speed of light in a vacuum.

Bodies are composed of equal numbers of positive and negative electric charges from which fields emanate into space in accordance with Coulomb’s inverse square law. Mass of a body and Newton’s law of gravitation are expressed in terms of the number of charges constituting each of two separate bodies in space. It is proposed that electric fields from charges in a body are bent, causing small strains on charges encountered in another body, such that forces of repulsion are slightly reduced and forces of attraction similarly increased, resulting in gravitational force of attraction. While electrostatic forces of repulsion and attraction cancel out exactly, gravitational forces of attraction remain, in accordance with Newton’s inverse square law.

An Explanation of Inertia outside Relativity

An electric charge Q of mass m, in the form of a spherical shell of radius a, moving at time t with velocity v and acceleration dv/dt, generates an electro-dynamic field X proportional to the acceleration. The field X acts on the self-same charge Q to produce an inertial force QX = -m(dv/dt), in accordance with Newton’s 2^nd and 3^rd laws of motion, where m is a constant. This explains the origin of inertia as electrical and internal to a body, contrary to general relativity. An expression deduced for the mass m, in terms of Q and radius a, is compared with the electrostatic energy E of the charge to obtain E = ½ mc², in contrast to the mass-energy formula of special relativity, E = mc², where c the speed of light in a vacuum.

Bodies are composed of equal numbers or equal amounts of positive and negative electric charges from which electric fields emanate into space in accordance with Coulomb’s inverse square law. Mass of a body and Newton’s law of gravitation are expressed in terms of the number of charges constituting each of two bodies separated by a distance in space. It is proposed that electric fields from charges in a body are somehow bent, thereby causing small strains on charges encountered in another body, such that forces of repulsion are slightly reduced and forces of attraction similarly increased, resulting in gravitational force of attraction. While electrostatic forces of repulsion and attraction cancel out exactly, gravitational forces of attraction remain and manifest in accordance with Newton’s inverse square law.