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Classical Physics can be represented with vectors in a 3-dimensional space. Chemistry, on the other hand, is described in terms of holors with 116 merates. Chemical reactions are represented by the addition of suitable holors in this 116 dimensional space.

Since the time of Newton and even before there have been scientists who discussed and possibly utilized a family of chemical reactions in which two or more chemicals could combine to form a different element from any of the original chemicals. Such a chemical reaction is called a transmutation. The holor representation of transmutations is also suggested.

The paper develops and analyses the stability conditions for a spinning charged ring according to the Maxwellian Electromagnetic Theory and according to the New Gaussian Electromagnetic Theory. Conclusions are drawn as to whether a charge cluster can be modeled by a spinning charged ring according to either electromagnetic theory for particles with any ratio of mass to electric charge.

The paper studies the modifications of Newton?s law of gravity proposed by Andre Assis and Jaroslav Klyushin in order to determine whether either of these can predict the seasonal Monti effect. Both of these equations add terms which are functions of velocity and acceleration to the original function of position proposed by Newton.

The simplest model of a charge cluster is a spinning charged ring. The gravitational and electromagnetic forces must add to zero if charge clusters are to be in dynamic equilibrium. The paper investigates whether spinning rings of charge can be in dynamic equilibrium according to classical electromagnetic theory and according to the New Gaussian electromagnetic theory.

The remarkable Monti experiments show that some chemical reactions occur in spring and fall but not in summer or winter. In this paper it is proposed that Newton?s law of gravity be modified by the addition of a force term that varies with the seasons. Investigation of the equations of planetary motion shows that certain functions of the derivative of the radius with respect to angle have such a seasonal variation. The proposed modification of Newton?s law of gravity is compared with the modifications previously proposed by Assis and by Kluyshin.

The gravitational and electromagnetic forces on the spinning charged ring are analyzed in the following two ways:

1. the Classical Electromagnetic Theory and Newton?s Gravitational Equation
2. the New Gaussian Electromagnetic Theory and the newly modified gravitational equation proposed in the previous paper

Conclusions are drawn on the possible existence of a spinning charged ring, from the point of view of classical physics, and from the point of view of the most recent formulation of gravitational and electromagnetic theory.

I.E.S. Trans. 23 (1994), 12