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The ether drift due to motion of the Earth has been discovered in the process of tracking of a geostationary satellite. The average annual velocity of the orbital component of the ether drift found to be 29.4 km/s that almost coincides with the known value of orbital velocity of the Earth (29.765 km/s). Parameters of galactic motion of the solar system have also been measured and obtained values are 270⁰ for apex right ascension (in astronomic literature-269.983⁰), 89.6⁰ for apex declination (Dec=51.30⁰ in astronomy) and 600 km/s for velocity of Sun?s system. Such results are direct evidence of fact that velocity of the uniformly moving system can be measured with a device in which the source of radiation (geostationary satellite) and detector (antenna of the telescope) are fixed with respect to each other and the system itself. Evidently, this can be considered as a final refutation of the special relativity theory.

A new interpretation of cosmological redshifts is proposed to construct the evolved-vacuum model of this phenomenon.The physical vacuum was considered to be a real matter with time-dependent permittivity and permeability. Time variation of these parameters was shown on the base of Maxwell's equations and Hubble's law to obey the exponential behavior causing step-by-step decrease of light velocity with a rate of about 2.7 m/s over 100 years.Cosmological aspects are discussed to explain some features of reality of the Universe evolution.

Different cosmological models of the Universe are based on different interpretations of the red-shift phenomenon, which is observed when astronomers study the spectra of distant galaxies and quasars. This paper considers a cosmological model based on variable light velocity caused by vacuum permittivity and permeability dependent on time. This model offers novel explanations not only for the red-shifts, but also for several other observed features of reality.

An alternative to the explanation of the redshift by Doppler effect is proposed. Since it has been shown in particle generation by electrtomagnetic interaction and in other examples that a vacuum is not a void, but has a material character, it is reasonable to assume that light waves meet a certain resistance when propagating through vacuum. When a corresponding term is introduced in the wave equation, the solution results in a change of velocity and wavelength, but not in frequency. At the same time there is extinction over very long distances, and this provides a natural explanation of Albers' paradox.