Abstract

A review of Newton's Principia shows the significance of his Existence Theorem for absolute space and time in order to explain the force of inertia and the centrifugal force. A review of the history of Einstein's General Theory of Relativity reveals the failure to establish the basis of inertia and the centrifugal force in terms of relative coordinates as Mach had envisioned. In this work the force of inertia including the centrifugal force is based on relative coordinates. It is shown to be an average residual force due to the acceleration terms in the derived universal electrodynamic force between vibrating neutral dipoles consisting of atomic electrons vibrating with respect to protons in the nucleus of neutral atoms. The inertial mass is derived and shown to be equal to the gravitational mass. The vibrational mechanism for both gravitational and inertial mass causes the magnitude of both masses to decay over time. The inertial force has a non-radial R x (R x A) term which makes possible certain observed non-Newtonian inertial gyroscopic motions. Arguments are made that this derived law of inertia is superior to Newton's Law of Inertia (F = ma), because it is properly based on relative coordinates, contains a second term that describes additional observed phenomena, and contains relativistic type corrections for high velocity. Also it is superior to Einstein's field equations of General Relativity Theory which have never been able to explain the force of inertia or the centrifugal force in terms of relative coordinates nor the phenomena predicted by the second term of this work.