Abstract

Since a static electron has more electric field energy than its total energy, the static charge model for the electron is abandoned in favor of a dynamic charge model for the electron. In this new Model of Reality theory, a charged particle is modeled as a pulsating particle, turning its electric field on and off. This pulsation frequency is affected by the particle's acceleration, given by a De Broglie formula. Using this model for electrons, it is possible to explain the photoelectric effect with a continuous light wave and a non-acceleration resonance between the light wave and the pulsating electron (i.e., photons are not used). A reality-based, planetary atom description is possible with this model, as the electrons can circulate the nucleus in a way such that they "turn off" when they experience centripetal accelerations from the pulsating nucleus. In this way, this model overcomes the problem that planetary orbits of electrons should continuously radiate. The Bremsstrahlung cutoff frequency found in x-ray experiments can be explained in this model by the physics of pulsating particles generating radiation. If a pulsating particle is generating radiation, its emission frequency is limited by its Nyquist cutoff frequency, which is half the frequency of the electron's pulsation (again, photons are not used). Planck's ?black-body?, or thermal, radiation is described as agitation of and emission from outer electron orbits of atoms in solids. The typical infra-red radiation found in thermal radiation is due to the thermal disturbance of the outer infra-red frequency orbits of the outer atomic electrons. As the temperature rises, the thermal agitations become more violent, disturbing deeper, and higher frequency orbits, generating higher emission frequencies (again, photons are not used). Entanglement and the EPR paradox are resolved because the necessity to include "photons" in the theory is eliminated.