Abstract

If an object emits particles towards a receiving object, the reception frequency of the particles will differ from the emission frequency if the two objects are moving relative to each other. For example, if the two objects are moving towards each other, the reception frequency will be greater than the emission frequency. Although the frequency of particles differs between the two objects, the distance between the particles is the same with respect to either object. Also, if the objects are not moving directly towards or away from each other, the reception angle differs from the emission angle. At the perpendicular reception angle, the change in frequency between the emitter and receiver matches the transverse Doppler shift derived from the Theory of Special Relativity. This implies that it is possible to explain the transverse Doppler effect by the use of particles. Hence, the transverse Doppler effect does not differentiate between Theory of Special Relativity and a particle explanation; however, the two do differ at other angles. The conclusion is that frequency measurements should be made at other angles to differentiate between the two.