Abstract

The Dynamic Universe model introduced in previous PIRT conferences is based on a zero energy balance of motion and gravitation in spherically closed space. Such an approach explains the rest energy of matter as the energy of motion mass in space possesses due to the motion of space, and allows the study of space as a closed energy system. Due to the spherical symmetry, a universal reference at rest in space is a state with zero velocity in space directions, directions perpendicular to the motion of space along the 4-radius of the spherical structure. Following the zero energy principle all local energy systems in space become related to the universal rest frame. Conservation of the total energy relates local velocities in space to the velocity of space and local gravitation in space to the gravitation of whole space ? thus replacing observer oriented reference frames to energy system oriented reference frames like intrinsically applied in thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, and celestial mechanics or any mechanical system. A zero energy balance means that the energy of motion is obtained against release of potential energy, the principle first time introduced by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in late 17th century using the terms vis viva, ?living force ? obtained against release of vis mortua ?dead force?. Such an approach fixes a local frame of reference to the local energy system instead of fixing it to an inertial observer as allowed by Newton's laws of motion and the Galilean relativity, the forerunners of physical thinking for the upcoming centuries. In the Dynamic Universe framework the conservation of energy in space is manifested through a chain of cascaded energy frames which extend the zero energy balance of whole space to local reference frames. As a fundamental difference to Einsteinian relativity, which relies on relativity principle and locally modified coordinate quantities, relativity in the DU defines the locally available share of the total energy ? conserving the absolute nature of the coordinate quantities and making relativity an integral part of quantum mechanics, electromagnetism, mechanics, and thermodynamics. In the Dynamic Universe framework, the expressions of the rest energy of matter, the energy of a quantum, and the energy of electromagnetic radiation obtain a unified form, which demonstrates the abstract nature of mass as the substance for the expression of energy and the primary role of the conservation laws. Based on very few assumptions, the Dynamic Universe model gives a coherent description of the structure of space and matter and produces precise predictions to physical phenomena throughout the scale from microstructures to cosmological distances.