Abstract

Kant's Nebular Hypothesis (1755) is proved false by organic life in the lowest layers of the Grand Canyon, and that shows Earth's di-ameter has increased by accretion of extraterrestrial mass throughout its lifetime. Additional proof of expansion is shown by ocean trenches off Asia and Australia matching western coasts of North and South America, proving both Pacific and Atlantic Ocean basins formed during the same ~200-250 Ma time period, and confirmed by ocean sediment ages. This is conclusive evidence ~250 Ma NONE of today's oceans existed and Earth's diameter was ~40% smaller. Oceans now cover 71% of Earth and H2O degassed via mid-ocean ridges equaled basin growth. Subduction is physically impossible, and is the most egregious error in the history of science. ACCREATION (creation by accretion) is introduced showing all planetary bodies develop from comets that grow by accretion into meteoroids, asteroids, planets, and eventually Suns. At diameters of ~500-600 kilometers, all meteoroids become spherical, the critical point where gravity focuses omni-directionally on its exact center and gravitationally-generated compressive heating commences core melting and heat expansion. Core expansion rapidly overtakes external accretion as the primary mechanism of planetary growth.