Abstract

the spinning charged ring model of the electron can be extended to the proton, positron, and antiproton. For all four particles, the attributes of the ring can be chosen to yield the observed spins, magnetic moments, sizes and masses. Conservation of magnetic flux is presented, leading to quantum features of the elementary particles and symmetrical properties. The ring model provides insight into the basic nature of matter and unifies the fundamental forces. Advantages of the ring model are shown by comparison to the quantum theory of elementary particles.