Abstract

Faraday's equation in electrochemistry is deciphered. A quantum of photons clusters about a 186-seed ether mass.  This cluster of photons is atomic mass-the in-situ structure of an atom. The seed 186-ether is what scientists and electricians measure as electric charge. Electrolysis of water is experimental proof for existence of ether.  Furthermore, the cluster of 69 million Rydberg photons is a measure of atomic mass of a proton. Similarly, the mass of 1.095 x 10⁹ Rydberg photons is a measure of atomic mass of an oxide ion. Oxidation number is defined as the number of 186-ether seeds cocooned by photons. A novel way of rewriting the periodic table is suggested.