Books

I have been repeatedly thinking- is there any mistake in the book? Is there any mistake in the deduction? However, I can not find any mistake after searching over and over. The reason why this book is named as "Natural science principle", it is because I worship mathematics Principle of Natural and philosophy. The reason why this book is suffixed as "summary", it is because: First, no self-conjecture and even more no self-fantasy, and it is the summary on the basis of analyzing massive physics experiments and human project practice. Particularly, the independent radiation of electric field wave and magnetic field wave is the great Hertz experiment logic, there is certain introduction in physical books, the difference is that the analytic results are different, which leads to the correctness on physical concept and mathematical model, which is also from the contribution of Hertz and Lorentz, which is not fabricated by myself without any reason; the superposition character of the radiation speed of electromagnetic wave(or light velocity) has also been used by many project practices, which is truthful and reliable, and obeys Galileo relativity principle, which is not my light velocity hypothesis; the opinion that the essence of electromagnetic wave(and light wave)is not energy is referred during negating Maxwell Curl Equation, which is the necessary conclusion from concluding massive physics experiments, and I am not claptrap. Secondly, as for the content of this book, it is about the correctness of several historical issues of natural science, which refers to the opinions and chronic ideas of important historical physical experiments, for example, T. Yang's interference is chronically thought as the interference of energy and so on, this book comprehensively investigates relative experiments, integrates issues, clarifies thought, make conclusions, and never bring forward self hypothesis and construct model in addition to surprise the scientific circle, so the success of this book attributes to the senior physicists, it is their sweat experiments which settle the basis of this book. Thirdly, the mathematical formulas in the book is the content in current math manual, not the mathematical games that I fabricated, and the deduction in the book is correct. Fourthly, as for the starting point of this book, this book is the attention and research to the three great refutes between two schools of top scientists, during the research it was discovered that Curl Theory and Special Relativity are error theories based on error root, its issue, argument, deduction are all wrong. Especially the error of special relativity, which is horribly wrong, no one can save, even put the observation of astrophysics phenomenon on general relativity??s rank, it is also useless. Because this book totally negates the issue, argument of special relativity and its mathematical tools, and uses Newton law and light velocity superposition principle to re-explain the important dissent physical experiments in history(including Michelson-Morley experiment and Compton experiment). Furthermore it also uses general Lorentz magnetic force to explain all electromagnetic induction phenomenon, associates general Lorentz magnetic force and great Hertz experiment logic to explain the application of radio engineering. In total, this book thinks that Maxwell Curl Field theory and Einstein special relativity are error theories based on the error root.

What's the reason for the two great scientists to make such a mistake? I am very confused about it. As for this, I pondered about it for many days. The main reason is because of the science development level at that time, ether theory was dominant then, Maxwell curl theory was born based on ether, made ether and conductor equivalent to discuss electric displacement, and people had no knowledge of charges and even more no knowledge of the essence of electric current. Michelson-Morley experiment was born based on ether, Lorentz transformation was to explain the interference experiment of ether theory and also consent ether theory, which impelled Einstein to devote himself to research ??measurable and immeasurable relative to the motion of ether?? such superficial phenomenon. In other words, if there had been no Curl Theory of Ether Theory and the interference experiment of Ether theory as the basis of special relativity, or if there had been no Lorentz hypothesis of Ether Theory as the mathematical tool of special relativity, there would have been no attempt to explain the special relativity of measurable and immeasurable relative to the motion of ether. So it is ether which causes relativity, it is also ether which trapped Einstein half of his life. Besides this reason, there are also other reasons on the research means and mode.

I still remember the teachers of Sichuan province Yue Chi County NO1 Middle School and China Electronics University Of Science and Technology all said such three words , logical deduction is essential to math, concept and connotation are essential to physics, and equation equilibrium is essential to chemistry.

Mr Einstein researched physics but didn't stick closely to the concept and connotation of physics, but used pure mathematical hypothesis to realize physics character. Relativity can??t leave Lorentz transformation such interesting mathematical game, from its beginning to its end is from mathematical game to mathematical game, it seems that he wants to use mathematical game to direct physics experiment, it seems that he wants to use mathematical game to change space and construct another universe. To be true, as a twenty-five-year old Einstein, he is very talented, he associated photoelectric diode and black body radiation in the research of photoelectric effect, young and capable, very talented; he associated Coriolis force in the inertia with electromagnetic induction issue and curl field issue in light wave interference research, I really admired his association talent from my heart! How far his thought is, how far the miracle that he created is. But Einstein is a man not god, We can??t take error relativity as god because ?? Wave-particle Dualism?? was obtained the reputation of Nobel Physics Prize. He lacks broad and deep physical concept research on physical phenomenon, so the special relativity that he created is really wrong, horribly wrong, and brought the development direction of physics into a blind alley. But it is just because he pushed individual errors of physical history to climax, which makes us burgeon the conclusion and correctness to nature science principle, also it is just because of his association event at the beginning of his relativity article, which makes us see that there still exists bequeathed issues in physical history during investigating the truth of relativity, also it is just because of his those association events, which makes us find the way to negate relativity, as far as this concerned, we have to appreciate Mr Einstein, it is him who inspired us to work hard to negate his conclusion and its derivative conclusions.

Maxwell Curl Theory is a half math issue and a half physical issue; he used mathematical formulas but paid no attention to the condition of using the formula; used physics equations but paid no attention to physical definition, just applying the equations to calculate the curl. As it is pointed out by Lorentz. It is right for Hertz to eradicate the power of Maxwell equation, but Maxwell never believed charges entity, always used his electric displacement to replace charges, it is also very difficult for people to understand what the charges that he referred to is, he also never cared about how electromagnetic field was produced, in his theory it seems that electromagnetic field is from infinite distance, a field that does not need source, only the motion of charges is the root to produce all electromagnetic fields??, field does not produce field. Maxwell??s imagination is powerful, he thought that electricity is not point nor face or solid, but the electric displacement formed when ether is pulled by electrodynamic force, so conductive current equals displacement current and spreads to ether space, thereby he is the first one to predict the existence of electromagnetic wave, which caused Hertz experiment to process soon. But the physics concept and mathematical model that he gave out are wrong, and Maxwell senior??s errors are inevitable under the historical limit of physics research at that time, the cognitive environment that metal electronics theory was not born and the environment that ether was popular. Furthermore, if there had been no the prediction of electric wave and limit of wave speed from Maxwell senior, our world civilization will be delayed dozens of years, so the contribution that Maxwell senior contributed to human progression is primary, his theory error is historical limit and the necessity of science sinuation.

Time and Eternity deals with difficult issues in modern physics and brings them into relation with traditional theological doctrines. Craig has done a great work, and it is marvelous that now the philosophy of religion is engaging with the philosophy of science to the great benefit of both.
--John R. Lucas
Fellow of Merton College, Oxford University

Time and Eternity offers a comprehensive discussion of the problems in the concepts of time and eternity on the basis of an extraordinary familiarity with a vast number of recent contributions to this issue from scientists and philosophers. The argument is subtle and precise. Particularly important are the sections on the impact of the different versions of relativity theory on the concept of time.... The book offers a plausible argument for a realistic conception of temporal process and for God's involvement in the temporal distinctions and processes because of His presence in His creation.
--Wolfhart Pannenberg
Professor of Systematic Theology
Ludwig Maximilliens Universitaet-Muenchen, Germany

As a scientist doing theoretical research in gravitational physics and quantum cosmology, I found Dr. Craig's thoughtful book highly interesting. He has carefully given arguments defending several different viewpoints for each of the many issues about time that he discusses, followed by critiques in which he emphasizes his own opinion. Reading Time and Eternity has forced me to develop better arguments for my own opinions (which differ considerably from Craig's).... I am certain that Time and Eternity will also stimulate your thinking about this fascinating subject and your appreciation for the God who created time as part of the marvelous universe He has given us.
--Don N. Page
Professor of Physics and Fellow of the Cosmology and Gravitation Program of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

William Lane Craig is one the leading philosophers of religion and one of the leading philosophers of time. In this book, he combines his expertise in these areas to produce an original, erudite, and accessible theory of time and God that will be of great interest to both the general public and scholars. It is a rewarding experience to read through this brilliant and well-researched book by one of the most learned and creative thinkers of our era.
--Quentin Smith
Professor of Philosophy, Western Michigan University

In Time and Eternity, William Lane Craig defends the remarkable conclusion that "God is timeless without creation and temporal since creation." Craig argues his case philosophically by carefully weighing evidence for and against divine temporality and personhood in light of dynamic versus static theories of time and their warrants, in turn, in a Lorentzian interpretation of special relativity and an objective, mind-independent theory of becoming, including fascinating excursions into Big Bang cosmology and the philosophy of mathematics. As the latest in his series of ground-breaking books, Time and Eternity summarizes and extends Craig's previous technical arguments and conveys them to a more general audience. It is a must-read for anyone seriously interested in the problem of time and eternity in Christian philosophy.
--Robert Russell
Professor of Theology and Science
Graduate Theological Union, Berkeley, Calif.

The nature of time is a continuing source of puzzlement both to science and in everyday life. It is also an important issue in theological understandings of the nature of God. In this interesting book, Professor Craig tackles this complex set of topics in a clear way. His discussion of the interrelated scientific, philosophical, and theological issues clears up many previous misconceptions and proposes a plausible understanding of the relation of God to time and eternity that many will find helpful.
--George Ellis
Professor of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics
University of Capetown

With the help of two of the most eminent authorities on relativity theory and electromagnetic theory, the author has incorporated the advanced potential solution into special relativity theory. The interpretation of the mathematics then agrees with common sense.

Quantum theory predicts that the act of observation changes the velocity of a light signal when it arrives at any material detector. The first few photons to arrive correspond to a precursor transient which establishes the new steady-state electromagnetic "near" fields surrounding the detector. The advanced potential solution then predicts that the observed arrival velocity of the light wave must be equal to c relative to the detector.

Clocks really do go slow, and a twin will age more slowly, when traveling at speeds close to the speed of light. But a simple deduction from Maxwell's equations indicates that the clock's speed should always be measured relative to the background provided by the distant stars. There is then no clock or twin paradox.

Einstein suggested two ways of extending general relativity using Mach's Principle. One of his approaches, which has been overlooked, may predict the particular value of the gravitational constant G we observe.

Then what is the quarrel with Einstein? Bethell argues that special relativity theory is wrong and general relativity theory is not necessary. For example, Einstein himself derived E = mc2 without relativity theory, and he also argued in a lecture in 1920 at Leiden that space without ether is unthinkable, only 15 years after having said that the ether was superfluous.

Bethell's book is not mathematical; after all, he does not quarrel with Einstein s mathematics. Importantly, it is strongly based on experimental foundations. Time dilation, for example, is supported by but not proved by moving muons and clocks carried around the globe.

In particular, Bethell promotes Petr Beckmann s case that the medium of propagation of light is the dominant gravitational field. That idea is actually part and parcel of Einstein s general theory of relativity, save that the latter hides the simplicity behind tensors in curved space-time.

Physical Relativity is an original, critical examination of the way Einstein formulated his theory. It also examines in detail certain specific historical and conceptual issues that have long given rise to debate in both special and general relativity theory, such as the conventionality of simultaneity, the principle of general covariance, and the consistency or otherwise of the special theory with quantum mechanics. Harvey Brown's new interpretation of relativity theory will interest anyone working on these central topics in modern physics. - Amazon

Reviews:

"A compact, deftly woven mixture of history and philosophy of physics. . . . Both historians and philosophers of physics (and physicists) will find much that is of interest in this book. I seriously recommend that anyone interested in the philosophical foundations of spacetime theories, and physics in general, add it to their collections: it is certainly a 'must-have' for philosophers of physics." - Sean Rickles, Mind

"A provocative and challenging book . . . It expertly synthesizes several analyses and generalizations of the Lorentz transformations. The historical sections are rich, concise and absorbing. Moreover, it includes worthwhile appendices on general covariance and on the relation between special relativity and quantum theory. The lively argumentation throughout thoroughly engages developments from decades of works in philosophy of space and time, and it deserves careful attention." - Alberto A. Martinez, Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics

"Inspiring and thought-provoking content . . . an absolute must for physicists and philosophers" - Mauro Dorato, International Studies in the Philosophy of Science

"Immensely stimulating' ' Thomas Rickman, Metascience

A model is developed by the use of mass fluxes, in analogy with energy fluxes. By this model the transfer of gravitational angular movement can be found, and by that, the fundament for an analogy with the electromagnetic equations. These equations will allow us to elucidate an important number of never earlier explained cosmic phenomena.

Extract:

"Within a few pages we will be aware of the reason why our solar system is nearly flat, and why some galaxies are flat as well with in the centre a more spherical bulge. Furthermore we will know why the galaxy becomes spiralled, and why some galaxies or clusters  get strange matrix shapes. And a simple calculation will make clear why the stars of flat galaxies have approximately a constant speed around the centre, solving at the same time the ?dark mass? problem of these galaxies.

We will also get more insight why the spirals of galaxies have got so few windings around the centre, in spite of the elevated age of the galaxy. Moreover we will discover the reason for the shape of the remnants of some exploding supernovae. When they explode, the ejected masses called remnants, get the shape of a twin wheel or a twin lobe with a central ring.

Next, some calculations concerning certain binary pulsars follow, these are sets of two stars twisting around each other.

We get an explanation for the fact that some fast spinning stars cannot disintegrate totally, and also a description of the cannibalization process of binary pulsars: the one compact star can indeed absorb the other, gaseous star while emitting bursts of gasses at the poles.

An apparent improbable consequence of the Gyrotation theory is that mutual repulsion of masses is possible. We predict the conditions for this, which will allow us understanding how the orbit deflexion of the planets goes in its work.

Furthermore we will bring the proof that Gyrotation is very similar to the special relativity principle of Einstein, allowing a readier look on how the relativity theory looks like in reality. The conclusions from both, Gyrotation Theory and Relativity Theory are however totally different, even somehow complementary, but not always recognised as such by the scientific world.

Also more detailed calculations for fast spinning stars, black holes, their orbits and their event horizons are calculated. "

This book summarizes the experiments of senior physicists, integrates the problems that come out from natural science principle, comprehensively analyzes the root of  electromagnetic induction refute, light velocity refute and space time refute. Generally speaking, this book negates special relativity??s proposition, argument, deduction process and its relative propositions bequeathed from its history. The above five chapters has negated the first argumentof special relativity ( that is , has negated the principl of relativity). The eighth chapter has negated the second argument of special relativity(that is, the principl of light velocity unchangeable has been negated). The six chapter has negated the proposition of special relativity(relativity??s dynamics, relativity??s kinematics, relativity??s electromagnetism, relativity??s space time view, and the constant light velocity hypothesis are all have been negated). The chapter seven has negated the mathematics tool of special relativity(Lorentz transformation has been negated). There are ten chapters in my book, the first chapter proves the universality of general Lorentz magnetic force. the second chapter proves that radio engineering is not the action of Maxwell curl equation. the third chapter negate theory system of Maxwell Curl Equation. the fourth chapter founds electric wave radiation model. the fifth chapter proves that the essence of electric wave is not energy, identical with experiment. the sixth chapter negates the proposition of special relativity. the seventh chapter negates the mathematical tool(Lorentz transformation) of special relativity. the eighth chapter proves light velocity superposition principle. the ninth chapter re-explains the physical experiments with important dissension in history(including Michelson-Morley experiment and Compton roentgen experiment). The tenth chapter discusses the correct space time view on the basis of the three great Newton??s Laws. Time is absolute and one-directional, space is absolute and isotropic, light velocity can be able superposition, General Lorentz magnetic force is reasonable, magnetic wave and electric field wave are independently radiant, Einstein??s relativity theory is absurd, and the curl theory of free space is a mistake. The conclusions have negated the relativity theory of Einstein and the curl theory of Maxwell, supported the Newton- Galileo space time view and Lorentz magnetic force, and solved the three problems of the light velocity dispute, electromagnetic induction dispute and space time dispute. Besides, Compton roentgen experiment submit to Newton??s law; Michelson-Morley experiment submit to Galilean??s principle of relativity; the radioactive field-density and the receiving signal-current-density is inverse law with distance.-square.

                                                  E.T. Bell, ?Men of Mathematics?

DEDICATION

To you that might be alive or not even born yet and from whose mouth dissent will spring, I dedicate this to you. Whether you are black or white, rich or poor I don't really care; as long as the convictions of the herd will never you deter. Just plough right ahead showing no fear or neglect, ?cause the infallible mind?s time has surely not come yet. The Principles is where the Fault lies buried deep, and that?s where I?ll be waiting for you to come and meet. But hurry not to reach your Ithaca too fast, or Life?s feast for you will certainly not last. Just slowly sip the sweet adventure, drop by drop, the bitter Knowledge too; and when at last we meet, don?t you complain of a youth squandered down the pit. Because your risky trip in vast, untamed waters, has provided for you my friend, all that really matters?"

                                                  Dionysios G. Raftopoulos

The Theory of the Harmonicity of the Field of Light is dedicated, from the bottom of my heart, to the one who will certainly one day overthrow it and replace it with a new, substantiated and better one...

A Brief Prologue to the English Publication

The emergence of the Theory of the Harmonicity of the Field of Light, thirty-one years ago, was induced by a rather simple question that had tortured me for a very long time: How could it be possible, according to Einstein?s Theory of Special Relativity, for clocks moving in a uniform rectilinear translatory fashion to slow down, on account of that motion alone when, by hypothesis, the uniform rectilinear translatory motion of matter is relative.

The answer ought to be obvious: It cannot!

Because if the conclusion was valid, i.e. if clocks do slow down then, certainly, the one delayed would have to be the one that moved absolutely, a fact that comes into contradiction with the hypothesis that dictates uniform rectilinear motion to be relative. Hence, Einstein?s Theory of Special Relativity contains a fundamental error, as one of its conclusions comes into direct contradiction with one of its hypotheses.

Thus, the driving force behind my continuing 30-year research endeavor has been simply the wish to restore Human Reason, as defined by Aristotle, and to defend Common Sense.

In addition, over the passing years, I also came to realize that modern day Physics has been (and is still being?) built in a totally ?Babylonian? fashion, i.e. as a confused clutter of empirical observations, the coherent explanation of which requires the fabrication of a constantly increasing number of convenient, per case, ?gods? or ?demons?.

A direct result of such an approach to Science is, to my mind, the emergence of disconnected and diverging disciplines such as the General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics theories, the unifying synthesis of which would most probably require yet another convenient ?god? or ?demon?.

The Ancient Greek way of reasoning was, however, totally different:

It explained the phenomena on the basis of Primary Principles which are first and foremost stringently formulated, then safely ?locked? and only then considered solid enough to form on their own the basis for the synthesis, without the need to evoke any kind of ?god? or ?demon?.

This kind of reasoning prevails in this work, where I?ve tried to achieve in Theoretical Physics what Euclid, so long ago, had achieved in Geometry namely the reduction of Babylonian empirical observations to Primary Principles.

And the name I?ve chosen is in tune with its purpose as, according to Aristotle, ?Harmony? is the unity and completeness of the whole, is unity in diversity

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I am grateful to those who, one way or another, stood by me and supported my efforts and specifically: Marianna Gotsoulia, Nikolaos J. Margaris, Leonidas Perdikas, Anastasios Skourogiannis, Joanna Skourogianni, Antonis Tsamantakis, Theodoros Tsiboukis, Anastasios Tsirkas and the late Prof. Jean-Pierre Vigier.

Einstein?s Special Relativity Theory (SRT) attempts to solve the problem, but it is invalid, as can be shown using several distinct approaches: (1) through a logical analysis of the important concepts and thought experiments, (2) through recently available empirical results in astronomy, and (3) through a physical/ mathematical analysis of the foundation of SRT...

Dr. Lucas has derived an improved version of the electrodynamic force by using a complete set of the empirical laws of electrodynamics as the postulates for the axiomatic method. He has shown that the effects of Special Relativity are due to electrical feedback effects on finite size charge structures. Also he has shown that quantum effects such as the photoelectric effect and black body radiation are due to resonant effects in finite-size charge structures consisting of closed charge loops.

The improved electrodynamic force law derived by Dr. Lucas contains acceleration a terms for radiation and da/dt terms for radiation reaction. From this improved electrodynamic force law he has derived improved versions of the force of gravity and inertia which explain many previously unexplained phenomena such as the quantization of gravity as identified by Stanley Dermott's modern version of Bode's Law and the unusual gyroscope experiments of the British engineer Eric Laithwaite.

Dr. Lucas has used this improved electrodynamic force to create new models of elementary particles, atoms, nuclei and molecules which are simpler and explain more data more accurately than previous models.

Dr. Lucas has identified a peculiar symmetry in the improved electrodynamic force law which is a combination of spherical and chiral symmetry. He shows that this symmetry appears in all elementary particles, atoms, nuclei, molecules, crystals, plant leaves, plant flowers, plant seed heads, the orbits of planets and moons in our solar system, the structure of our Milky Way galaxy, and the structure of the whole universe about its center.

All of these things lead Dr. Lucas to declare this this improved version of electrodynamics is the true universal force.

Dr. Lucas has noted that such a universal force will shape the structure of the cells in the brain leaving its fingerprint in the structures of linguistics, sociology, psychology, mathematics, and architecture. Many investigators have won Nobel Prizes for showing this structure. Finally Dr. Lucas has shown a relationship between the universal force and God as revealed in the Jewish, Christian and Islamic religions.

Preface
This book includes 21 papers written by 23 authors and co-authors. All papers included herein are produced by scholars from People??s Republic of China, except two papers written by Prof. L. Sapogin, V. A. Dzhanibekov, Yu. A. Ryabov from Russia, and by Prof. Florentin Smarandache from USA. The editors hope that all these papers will contribute to the advance of scholarly research on several aspects of Special and General Relativity. This book is suitable for students and scholars interested in studies on physics.
The first paper is written by Hua Di. He writes that Einstein??s general theory of relativity cannot explain the perihelion motion of Mercury. Einstein??s explanation, based on wrong integral calculus and arbitrary approximations, is a complete failure.
The following paper is written by Li Zifeng. His paper reviews basic hypotheses and viewpoints of space-time relationship in Special Relativity; analyzes derivation processes and the mistakes in the Lorentz transformation and Einstein??s original paper. The transformation between two coordinate systems moving uniformly relatively to another is established. It is shown that Special Relativity based upon the Lorentz transformation is not correct, and that therelative speed between two objects can be faster than the speed of light.

......

Preface
This book includes 21 papers written by 23 authors and co-authors. All papers included herein are produced by scholars from People??s Republic of China, except two papers written by Prof. L. Sapogin, V. A. Dzhanibekov, Yu. A. Ryabov from Russia, and by Prof. Florentin Smarandache from USA. The editors hope that all these papers will contribute to the advance of scholarly research on several spects of Special and General Relativity. This book is suitable forstudents and scholars interested in studies on physics.
The first paper is written by Hua Di. He writes that Einstein??s general theory of relativity cannot explain the perihelion motion of Mercury. Einstein??s explanation, based on wrong integral calculus and arbitrary approximations, is a complete failure.
The following paper is written by Li Zifeng. His paper reviews basic hypotheses and viewpoints of space-time relationship in Special Relativity; analyzes derivation processes and the mistakes in the Lorentz transformation and Einstein??s original paper. The transformation between two coordinate systems moving uniformly relatively to another is established. It is shown that Special Relativity based upon the Lorentz transformation is not correct, and that the relative speed between two objects can be faster than the speed of light.

......

Astronomical experts acclaim the big bang theory as the only explanation for the expanding universe. The big bang has problems in that it requires breaking laws of physics. Nevertheless, it has been fully accepted as an actual fact. But! Can it be proven? Peer review and referees claim any other idea is pure metaphysics and has no place in science.

Such thinking equates back to the time of Galileo when it was thought the earth was the center of the universe where the sun rotated around the earth. The idea the universe is expanding comes from the predominate red shift of the distant universe in all directions. The Doppler effect can be an explanation for this phenomenon.

A great advance will be made in astronomy when astronomers come to realize not all red shift is the results of a Doppler shift from receding velocities. This will become quite apparent when they are able to differentiate Doppler from other forms of red shifting.

A good place to start is in explaining the Doppler effect. "A receding body has its light shifted down in the red direction depending on the velocity of recession." We cannot deny Doppler shifting for it does operate according to the statement. But examine the statement. If a frequency is shifted to another frequency it is another frequency and it no longer is the original This new frequency cannot tell us what its original frequency was before it was shifted. Therefore, we would be unable to determine how much shifting had occurred.

What has been explained to us as Doppler shifting still has the original frequency appearing to be displaced to a lower frequency. From this information we can determine how much the frequency appears to be shifted.

Since the original frequency is still present the effect cannot be interpreted as Doppler, because the original frequency still contains portions of the original frequency. There has to be some other reason for what we see other than Doppler. This becomes quite apparent in the Chapter on Time we have presented in this book.

In this book we point out there are other means of red shifting and how to distinguish the difference. We discuss how light propagates and some of the other operations this energy can employ. It requires energy to propagate or transfer energy through space. We go into some detail about this energy called light...

The editorial approach is unusual in that in order to break the current conceptual deadlock and to encourage true innovation they have solicited inputs which are multidisciplinary. This open-ended venture is therefore perhaps more in line with what was once called Natural Philosophy than with what is currently known as 'Physics'. This is something of a departure for those who say that Physics no longer has anything to do with Philosophy. For there are physicists who believe that their predecessors have accomplished all the really important conceptual work on interpreting natural phenomena, so that there is no longer any call for radical revision in that direction. This leads to a constricted form of the discipline in which the purpose of all observation and experimentation is seen as simply to collect more and more information and fit it to conceptions which are traditionally 'cut and dried'.

The emphasis is thus on presenting informed and carefully considered descriptions of natural phenomena, economizing as far as possible on interpretations in terms of entities which turn out to be no more than speculative.