Principles of logic and criteria for acceptance of theories in science are presented. According to logic, whose purpose is to guide science toward truth, Maxwell?s Equations, Einstein?s Special and General Relativity Theories, Quantum Mechanics, the Bohr and Dirac theories of the atom, the Quantum Electrodynamics Theory of elementary particles and Newton?s Universal Law of Gravitation are not acceptable theories for science.
A new foundation for modern physics is presented that is based on the fundamental empirical laws of Classical Electrodynamics for finite-size elastic elementary particles in the shape of a toroidal ring and composed of plasma filaments. Using combinatorial geometry, threedimensional physical models of the atom and nucleus have been developed that describe the Periodic Table of the Elements and nuclear shell structure better than quantum theories. Blackbody radiation, the photoelectric effect, and atomic emission spectra are explained in terms of toroidal shaped electrons. New spectral lines for hydrogen in the extreme ultraviolet (not predicted by quantum theories) are predicted and found experimentally by the Berkeley Extreme Ultraviolet Physics laboratory from rocket-based experiments in space.
A gravitational force law obtained from corrected Classical Electrodynamics is superior to that of Newton (even with Einstein?s general relativistic corrections incorporated) as shown by analysis of Solar System data.
