Abstract

Wavelength is generally accepted as the total length of one cycle of a given frequency. Conceptually this length, as measured along the X-axis, is the distance from the origin to the endpoint and extends in one direction, which means that the value for length also represents the value of the endpoint along the X-axis. Here we find that that wavelength is bi-directional in nature and that the total value assigned to length does not also represent the position of the endpoint along the X-axis. This bi-directional wavelength characteristic is inherent in the mathematical derivations of both Einstein and Lorentz, but is not incorporated into their resulting discussions. Not only does this lead them to incorrectly normalized their resulting equations, they also incorrectly conclude that their input and output values represent points rather than lengths. Once the equations are corrected to account for bi-directional wavelength, we summarize how the corrected equations yield equal, or better, experimental results for frequency- and wavelength-based experiments than the existing Einstein and Lorentz equations. This finding of bi-directional wavelength, along with the recognition that the equations transform lengths instead of points, will require a revised theoretical model such as the model of Complete and Incomplete Coordinate Systems.