Prout's thesis in 1815 that the constituents of atoms are hydrogen atoms and that therefore the chemical equivalents in reactions and compounds are expressable by integer numbers is proved true. Stoichiometry shows that for example carbon, oxygen, and the two isotopes of chlorine consist of 12, 16, 35 and 37 hydrogen atoms, respectively. If for convenience carbon has the atomic weight 12, then why the atomic weight of oxygen is not exactly 16?
Inertial mass has nothing to do with an intrinsic property of an atom but is a measure of the resistive force that an electromagnetic medium exerts during acceleration and high velocity upon the ionized atom. These so-called inertial forces (a misnomer) are not additive magnitudes, e.g. the repulsive force for a structure of 16 hydrogen atoms may be smaller then 16,00 if for carbon the repulsive force are 12,00 for convenience. The number of hydrogen atoms determines a chemical element. Isomers have the same number of hydrogen atoms but different structures.
