Abstract

Plasma redshift cross section explains the intrinsic redshift of Sun, stars, galaxies and quasars, and the cosmological redshift. It explains the CMB, the XRB, the magnitude redshift relation for supernovae, and the surface-brightness-redshift relation for galaxies. There is no need for Big Bang, Inflation, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Accelerated Expansion, and Black Holes. The quasi-static universe renews itself forever, (for details, see: www.plasmaredshift.org). Plasma redshift is derived theoretically from conventional axioms of physics by using more accurate methods than those conventionally used. The main difference is the proper inclusion of the dielectric constant, and a quantum mechanical treatment of the interaction. This more accurate deduction is important in very hot and sparse electron plasma like that in the solar corona and beyond. Plasma redshift experiments make it clear that photons are gravitationally repelled by the gravitational field and not attracted as incorrectly surmised in the Big Bang cosmology and in some incorrectly designed and interpreted experiments. There is no cosmic time dilation. In intergalactic space, the average temperature is Tavg = 2.7 million K, and the average electron density is (Ne)avg = 0.0002 per cubic cm.