Abstract

This paper questions the current paradigm of Structure Formation in the Early Big Bang Universe. The existing, yet unbelievable, paradigm requires a universal volume of hot, expanding, homogeneous, and isotropic gas consisting of only hydrogen, helium, and radiation (with minute amounts of deuterium and lithium) to have formed countless numbers of galaxies within 100 million years of the decoupling of matter from radiation. Some of the Ultra Deep field galaxies appear to be 10 billion years older than the age of the early Big Bang itself. We show observational and experimental evidence for a non-expanding universe in which structure formation of stars, galaxies, quasars, elements, gas, dust etc. is a replicating process. It is: a process of structure formation (birth) from the inside out, rather than collapse from the outside in. It is a universe in which the laws of conservation and causality are not violated; a universe in which action at a distance and the cause of gravitation are explained and unification of the four forces is achieved; a negative and positive energy universe far removed from the old, obsolete, sick, bandaged, and dying Big Bang.