Abstract

This paper explores the implications of the proposition that only neutrons and unbound hydrogen atoms and molecules experience the force of gravity. If true, the reason would be because the electromagnetic and gravitational forces are mutually exclusive. Protons and electrons would have zero gravitational mass. If this is true, then G'M'₁ = (lambda₂/lambda₁)GM₁, where lambda = (A − Z)/A is the ratio of inertial neutron mass to atomic or molecular mass, G'M' indicates the new neutron-gravity-theory value for the legacy constant GM, and the indices 1 and 2 refer to the primary and secondary orbital bodies, respectively. This suggests that the Earth may have a value for ? that is similar to that of aluminum because artificial satellites made of aluminum orbit the Earth as expected. If this proposition is true, it means that if an aluminum spacecraft orbits the Earth in a circular orbit having a period of 90 minutes at an altitude of 282 km, then a pure ice body that is released from the spacecraft would have a perigee altitude of 282 km, an apogee altitude of 2912 km, and a period of 127.33 minutes. Likewise, a pure lead body that is released by the spacecraft would have a perigee altitude of −1378 km, an apogee altitude of 282 km, and a period of 68.25 minutes.

The evidence in support of this proposition is that ice particles ejected downward by the Space Shuttle in a water dump curve forward as they move relative to the Shuttle. Legacy gravity theory predicts a straight-line trajectory, not a curved one. This proposition can be confirmed or refuted by releasing a tethered lead ball from the inverted Space Shuttle's open cargo bay. If it remains motionless relative to the Shuttle, then this proposition would be refuted. If it exerts a downward pull on the tether corresponding to an acceleration of 1.5 m/s², then this proposition would be confirmed. No such pull would occur inside the cabin where the gravity field is zero.

This proposition cannot be confirmed or refuted by repeating the Cavendish torsion balance gravity experiment with the lead balls replaced with ice balls having equivalent inertial masses because we must assume that both theories must yield the same acceleration of gravity.  Orbits of lead and ice will be different because the centrifugal force is based on inertial mass, which is unchanged, while the centripetal force is based on gravitational mass, which is different.

Gravity is caused by space flowing into or out of space bodies. Space flows from this universe through pinholes inside neutrons into the anti-universe, and space flows out of the anti-universe through pinholes inside antineutrons (dark matter) into this universe. The ordinary universe expands because antineutrons are about six times more numerous than neutrons so that space expulsion exceeds space absorption. Time runs backwards in the anti-universe, and there is no such thing as universal time. Every space body has its own historical time line that is local to itself and gets reset at each nexus when its space flow reverses direction from inward to outward or vice-versa. Cepheid variable stars apparently expand and contract in cycles of a few days because they are reversing their space flow directions at that rate. Every comet, moon, planet, star, and galaxy has a concentric antimatter version of itself that experiences time backward, growing younger while its ordinary companion grows older. Space flow directions reverse in a space body from outward to inward or vice-versa when the relative abundance between neutrons and antineutrons reverses, and the majority becomes the minority and vice-versa. The toggling of matter into antimatter and vice versa occurs to conserve angular momentum when a space flow direction reversal occurs. One implication of bi-directional local time is that time travel is at least conceivable. All a time traveler needs to do is toggle his neutrons.