Abstract

There have been numerous observations of stellar emitters at speeds much greater than c.  Those objects include 'luminosities' ejected from super novae and stellar radio-frequency sources passing each other.  Schemes purported to show that super-luminal speeds of such objects comply with relativity are unconvincing, and it seems likely that such super-luminal speeds are indeed present in astronomy.  Constancy of measured light speed near measuring equipment continues to be verified.  But when away from such measuring equipment, the case is made for constancy of light speeds relative to the 'medium' described in Christian Doppler's original (1842) concepts.  Using those concepts, the resulting Doppler effects are described for various values and orientations of observer and source speeds.  Two intriguing features are  a)  the reversal of the order of light wave reception, and  b)  Doppler red shifts, rather than blue-shifts, from approaching emitters at super-luminal speeds.  If correct, there would be a predominance of red-shifts at super-luminal speeds.  That might be another possible reason for the excessive red-shifts observed in astronomy.  Experiments to study Doppler effects at simulated super-luminal emitter speeds seem feasible, relatively inexpensive and are described in a related reference.  These experiments might identify a future way to search and confirm or reject the presence of superlunimal speeds in space and the expected reserved wave arrival sequence.  Also, they might provide information useful in confirming or rejecting Doppler's 1842 concepts of a 'medium' in which light speeds are constant.